Russian Soviet Bolshevik
When did the term “Bolshevik” fall into disuse in Soviet history?
I’m writing a paper for a Russian History course, and I’m not sure when I can use the word “Soviet” and the word “Bolshevik”; they seem interchangeable in some contexts, but I stop seeing the word “Bolshevik” after a while. Why is this?
“Bolshevik” only means “majority”; the term was used to designate a branch of the Second International which advocated policy decisions by a minority–an ironic term. This was the faction headed by Lenin; opposing them were the “Mensheviks”; those who advocated policy decisions by vote of the majority.
After the February Revolution of 1917, there were competing factions in Russian politics, both Bolshevik and Menshevik, agitators for imperial restoration, moderate republicans, etc. The Bolshevik faction seized power in the October Revolution of that year, and in January 1918 all other factions were suppressed. With the suppression of opponents, the term meaning “majority” had no application, and the term “Communist” was used to designate the Russian rulers from the Social Democrats of the old Second International, now in abeyance due to the chaos of World War I.
The term “Bolshevik” still had a continued usage in countries outside of the Soviet Union, but after January 1918 was not to be found officially used in Russia.
Revoluyionary song From Soviet Union Bolshevik leaves home
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