Seal Tactical Metal

Naval Air Station Wildwood
I. Naval Air Station Wildwood
Southern New Jersey, surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean and Delaware River, was intimately connected with the naval aviation stations to air for several World War II. The larger and therefore more important was Naval Air Station Wildwood.
Its origins date back to President Roosevelt, who had used the money to build airports in the New Deal civilians in the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) for the conversion of the military in wartime, the Navy Air Station Wildwood was caused by the appearance of need for basic pilot training to protect the Atlantic coast of the German submarines that had led the charge vessels Americans traveling in Great Britain. Nazi Germany, which has already captured in France in June 1942, had become a growing threat.
In southern New Jersey, USA Coast Guard has transferred its station, which was originally built as a naval base in World War I in 1917, the Navy, which subsequently commissioned Air Station Naval Cape May and September 1940 with observation and combat training squadron had then been made.
But the urgency of the facilities have further strengthened the following year, when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941, warning of the need for competent naval and aircraft pilots dive bomber. The foundation of Cape May had been woefully inadequate for this purpose, provoking a series of surveys of land under the municipalities.
About 500 hectares leased at a price starting at $ 1.00, from Cape May County for subsequent conversion to civilian use, was in March 1942, bids government and construction workers under the leadership of the Army Corps of Engineers began the process of deforestation difficult to uproot trees and filling of wetlands to pave the way for a training base for fighter squadron in the Rio Grande. Although the construction effort was a success their goal has not: the military ultimately opted to establish a similar facility about 40 miles north, in Millville, the abandonment of the project.
The plot of 500 hectares with potential application as an auxiliary field for worse companies Cape May Naval Air Station, had always been short of 400 hectares of the Navy plans requirement of 900 hectares, which had been remedied by the council emergency resolution Cape May County Freeholders elected to authorizing an additional $ 15,000 for land acquisition. Expenditure win-win was seen by both the Navy to provide the necessary land at its base and use County necessary to halt its economic decline in depression quicksand, despite the need for this facility has been clearly demonstrated by the battle at the same time in the Coral Sea in May and the Battle of Midway in June, and lasting victories with the bases where pilots could be trained experts. In fact, the number of these drivers has been estimated at 20,000. The base Rio Grande project, he argued, would be crucial for the maintenance of naval aviation footprint in the Pacific.
As a result, Marina, leasing land in the county and the appropriation of $ 500,000 for the new airport began construction in October 1942, subsequently completed a runway of 4000 meters, three runways of 5000 feet, a control tower, hangars, barracks, an operations building, a canteen, a supply station water, a steam heating plant, a sewage system and roads, provide employment to 362 local civilians.
Basically, by taking his name the nearest post office, had been accused of "Naval Air Station in Rio Grande on April 1, 1943, and Lieutenant Commander Morris Ruggles Brownell Jr. took command of the same, but the confusion with the city at the beginning of the same name in Texas, has led to his new appointment as Naval Air Station Wildwood "on 17 June, so far only name associated with a resort in southern New Jersey beach. Completed by Woodbine auxiliary airfield, which had opened two months later, in August, and a center in Delaware, the new capacity naval air base to meet the needs of the Navy and have to concentrate training dive pilots for the new field. He had also operated in conjunction with Naval Air Station Cape May and Atlantic City.
Thirty Composite Squadron (CV-30) Carrier Air Group 30 (CAG30) was the first to be commissioned by the Navy at its new plant in April 1943 by the USS Monterrey, although the size the squad had initially demanded the use of shelters to the west eight tents and hotels in Wildwood for 150 of its pilots to the construction of facilities core has been completed.
The first phone Bombardment Squadron Fourteen and fifteen (VB and VB-14-15), training under the "Day of the plan operation of the air fleet of Wildwood to defend the eastern border the sea "in Douglas SDB Dauntless aircraft, the flying squad practice, the bombing individual practice, diving, sailing, dropping bombs, shooting games, free throw in the night flight instruments, and strafing war anti-submarine surface.
II. Naval Air Station Wildwood aircraft
instrumental strategy to Naval Air Station Wildwood and Navy combat in the Pacific was the dive bomber aircraft, which provided the attack accuracy of fast moving objects in the steepness of the slope angle. Such designs, the low wing metal cell type usually powered by a single piston engine was capable of operating from aircraft carriers to the delivery hook out and had installed brake diving fins to ban matches over profiles severe, the cell voltage limits, and increase the duration of the maneuver to improve the accuracy, purpose, and the path of the pump itself, which was usually carried out in a grid articulated the pump. After his release would be demolished, with enough free space on the arc of the propeller to avoid interference.
The Douglas SBD Dauntless, the first dive-bomber to be deployed at the station had been the norm of the Navy, naval aircraft, responsible for several victories in the Pacific. On the basis of the Northrop BT-1, a scout bomber and dive, which had received life as the XBT-1 when the Navy ordered a single prototype. The first commercial flight of this form August 19, 1935, the aircraft, powered by a 700-horsepower Pratt and Whitney R-1535-1566 Twin Wasp Jr. double row radial engine, was characterized by a low-wing, split fins, the rear wheels, the semi-retractable main stored in the lower wing fairings, and a fixed tail wheel, but the cell, considered low power was restored later with 825 horsepower revalued R-1535-1594 engines in December, and the components of division was replaced by the type of holes to fix the handling characteristics.
Later, the XBT-2, altered significant after Northrop acquired Douglas, introduced a arranged in tandem, facing forward and rearward pilot, radio operator handle /; Upholstered flaps, elevators and rudders, two .50 caliber Browning machine guns installed in the nose cowling and synchronized to fire through the propeller arc, one under the fuselage, rocking the cradle mounted release, the bomb of 1600 pounds, and two wings, 100-pound tower pump Powered by an HP 1000, nine-cylinder air-cooled Wright Cyclone engine, R-radial 1820-1832, who led a three-bladed, variable pitch. Fuel roulette propeller planes equipped stored in two wing tanks Composed of four tanks 90 liters of the center wing section of a total of 210-gallon auxiliary fuel tank and 15 gallons.
The design, SBD-1 name in Douglas model system had been in service with the Marine squadron VMB-2 in 1940 and the Navy also operated 57 of this type.
Despite its extensive program breeding, which still lacks sufficient range and lacked armor, resulting in the SBD-2, which was characterized by an increase of 100 gallons of fuel and ammunition capacity reviewed. Entered service in the Navy with the cell 58.
The success SBD-3 was examined several previous shortcomings by introducing an even increased capacity of fuel tanks of self-closing fuel, crew protection and armor, armor from the windshield, a Wright Cyclone R-1820-1852's motor and the cover changed.
The SBD-4 was characterized by a propeller HYDROMATIC and replaces the old 12 V electrical system with 24 volts, while The SBD-5, the version most widely produced numerically, was constructed in Douglas new Tulsa, Oklahoma, plant. With a length of 33 feet and a total size of 41.6 foot, 1200 horsepower Pratt and Whitney Aircraft R-1820-1866-fed has a maximum takeoff weight of 10,855 pounds and a top speed of 255 mph. Had a range of 770 miles.
The final version, the SBD-6, presented the most capable drivetrain, with a rating of 1,350 hp, and greater fuel capacity.
Douglas SBD Dauntless was instrumental in many victories in the Pacific theater. At the Battle of Midway, for example, which was held June 4, 1942, type destruction of four Japanese companies, the collapse of a heavy cruiser and another seriously injured, as he sank in the battle Ryugo of the Eastern Solomons. In the Battle of Guadalcanal, which took place between 12 and 15 November this year, had destroyed nine media transport and sank the cruiser Kinugasa, ending his career as a home carrier, two years after June 20, 1944, with victories against the Japanese fleet at the Battle of Mobile Philippine Sea.
When the first Douglas Dauntless training at Naval Air Station Wildwood, however, was not as successful, with losses mounting pilots who had formed due to poor handling feature set accident, which caused a replacement car.
This substitution has Curtiss SB2C Helldiver become the instability, structural weakness, and the design was no less a synonym for "improvement."
About basis of the 1930 biplane archaic design for diving maneuver, the airplane was substantially improved when the Navy presented the specifications in 1938 to explore bombers company can accommodate two crew members and is able to achieve internally 1000 pounds of bombs over long distances.
The prototype resulting Designated XSBC2C-1, was originally taken from December 18, 1940, but was structurally weak and showed poor handling characteristics, the maintenance of engine failure two months later, on February 8 during an approach and crash. The U.S. military, with the intention of attacking the achievement gap in aircraft production, had already ordered the type, and a first set of revisions, resulting in a longer fuselage, a tail-largest, increased armor, the installation of an autopilot, and self sealing fuel tanks, has led to a plane that bore little resemblance to the previous iteration.
The new version, first flight October 20, 1941, with the support of a structural failure in flight during a test flight two months later, on December 21, forcing its pilot parachuted to safety, and during demonstrations in the first six production aircraft, it was determined that an increase of 40 percent of the gross weight of 7,122 pounds of the initial release of £ 10 220 by day, was dangerously excessive.
The plane, shown in its initial report Guise SB2C-1 was all monoplane metal mid-wing powered by a single, 14-cylinder, air cooled, double row, Double Wasp, 1700 hp Wright R-2600 engine swap -8 led to a propeller three blades. The wings folded for easy storage operator in the interior, too, flaps match for dive profiles and fins off their fuel tanks self-closing. the crew had been placed in the front and rear cockpit greenhouse style and configuration of the tail of the trees had dangling a hook under the fuselage of type sting arrest. Armament included four 12.7 mm machine guns mounted wing Browning, a bomb bay of 1000 pounds bombs in storage, and flexible mounting on the rear cabin.
Each built SB2C 200-1 was used for pilot training.
success SB2C-1C, 778 which had occurred was characterized by additional fuel tanks and was the first battle, his initial foray selection of Japanese strength Rabaul on 11 November, but the design had been cruelly power.
The singular produced SB2C-2 had been scheduled for an amphibious operation fleet while the SB2C-3, an attempt to remedy the energy deficiency of the basic design has been equipped with a four-bladed Curtiss propeller driven by a 1900 power of HP-R-2600-20 engine. Wine commissioned in 1944, man had received a considerable production cycle, from 1112.
The SB2C-4, the most widely produced variant with 2,045 cells, had submitted a total length of 36.8 meters and a wingspan of 49.9 meters, which the shutters were drilled diving minimize turbulence produced. Powered by the previous version of R-2600-20 engine, fighter 16 616 pounds, armed with two wing-mounted, 20 mm cannon, two guns back cab installed, the machine of 7.62 mm, and the frame of the bay and the bottom of the fuselage made the 2000 pound bombs could reach a top speed of 295 kilometers per hour and covers up to 1,165 miles.
The SB2C-5, the last major release to be built, has seen an increase in capacity fuel. Hundred seventy-nine had occurred.
Marina VB-17 squadron, based on the USS Bunker Hill, had been the first successful in exploiting the SB2C Helldiver, the release of 23 aircraft, divided into six divisions, four units in its first major campaign battle in November 1943.
During the last four months, the kind carried out bombing missions in diving Tarawaya, Nauru, New Zealand Truk, and the Marshall Islands, and in June the following year Helldiver's fleet had been based on the five aircraft carrier Bunker Hill, Essex, Wasp Hornet and Yorktown. Four months later, that number had increased to eight.
Trading TBM Avengers, the SB2C had managed to sink the largest battleship, Musashi, and later said air air -44 victories, having won more shipping kills any type of aircraft.
Although the Helldiver was the first to struggle with a legacy of obsolete and many defects in design, gradually introducing changes he had made a dive-bomber that had been instrumental in many victories Pacific theater.
As a solution to accident rates Naval Air Station Wildwood, however, only serves to produce the opposite effect with the introduction of aircraft in the program training, the number of deaths increased pilot training!
The phone Bombardment Squadron of fifty-two (CV-52), At Station in September 1943, the artillery and torpedoes began training with the third country based on the hunting of large companies, the Grumman TBF-1 Avenger.
Stimulated by the needs of the Navy for a powerful torpedo with a speed of 300 kmh, a distance of 1000 miles with a maximum payload of 2000 books, a roof service of 30,000 feet, and an internal compartment, the plane, designated XTBF-1 and designed by Grumman Iron Works, appeared with a sturdy body and Wright 14-cylinder, power of 1700, double row radial R-2600-8. Its wings, the vast region has led to simplistic characteristics flight had folded flat against the cell to reduce the space needed goods, and their equipment consisted of three .30 caliber machine guns, one of which was mounted on the nose and shot him in the bow of the propeller one of which was in the belly and back, one of which had been installed as a rear gunner in the turret. Due to mounting space sufficient mid-wing was created internally to store a 2000 pound torpedo, four bombs of 500 pounds or more fuel, and crew of three people had embraced the pilot, gunner tail, belly and bomber gunner /.
The first production aircraft, designated TBF-1 was the first stolen August 1, 1941, and the insatiable need of this very capable fighter had required additional production capacity in the form of a General Motors production line. Indeed, it was designated TBM-1, and appeared that originally formed in late 1942.
The amendment TBF-1C, with the possibility of fuel tank in the bomb bay and two integral wing tanks has increased capacity from 335 to 726 gallons, resulting in an increase in the scale coincide, and the gun alone, 0.30 caliber had been replaced by two .50 caliber mounted on the wings units, and more than one of the turret. counterpart General Motors assembly line had been designated TBM-1C.
Final alternative, and most produced digitally the TBM-3, was marked by a 40-foot length of 11.5 inches and a wingspan of 54.2 meters in general. Powered by a 1900 HP Wright R-2600-20 engine, the plane used for reconnaissance, detection and glide torpedoes and bombs, had been equipped with a forward, a machine gun dorsal and ventral wing hard points for rockets or drop tanks. With a gross weight of 17 895 books, which could rise to 2,060 feet per minute speed, maximum speed 276 km / h, and fly 1,000 miles. Some 4,657 were produced.
Well Grumman TBF Avenger only six had been delivered in time for the battle June 4, 1942 Midway, five were destroyed in two separate missions, while the sixth was able to leave their torpedoes before returning to base with a little more compensation for longitudinal control.
Two months later, August 24, 1926 were launched from aircraft carriers Enterprise and Saratoga near Solomon Islands, sinking light carrier Ryugo the second of four strikes a torpedo.
However, three months later, in November, the 37 000 tonnes Hiei, a major naval Japanese had been destroyed after the Avengers by multiple blows to the Battle of Guadalcanal.
In the Atlantic, the Northern type, operating from the USS Bogue, had destroyed 30 submarine and opened a cavernous hole in the carriage Japanese I-52.
One of the most famous Avenger pilot, George HW Bush was shot on September 2, 1944 Chichi Jima after takeoff from the USS San Jacinto, but he managed to rescue a.
Two months later, the plane had played a role in sinking the Japanese battleship Musashi, in the Battle subu Sea.
The final testament of the kind of strength and ability to torpedo was held April 7, 1945 when a fleet of Avengers had destroyed the Yamato battleship and cruiser Yahagi during his trip to Okinawa.
Of the 9,836 products Avengers, 7546 had been built by General Motors.
The fourth major airline to be used at the Naval Air Station Wildwood, maybe try to correct the defects as soon SB2C had offered efficiency and performance are diametrically opposed. His speed and skill, not duplicated by any fighter has allowed him to run faster and go over any enemy aircraft with propellers. This aircraft was the Chance-Vought F4U Corsair.
On the basis of the Office of Naval requirement U.S. aerospace of a fighter jet to undergo high-performance a Vought-Sikorsky Division of United Aircraft Corporation, the proposed design, called V-166-A, has provided the use of air-cooled Pratt & Whitney R-1830 Wasp radial engine because of their reliability of service, but the target speed could be achieved with much Wasp XR-2800-4 Double. Until then piston engine of the most powerful in the world, developed more than 100 hp per cylinder, which had been 18, which requires a diameter of 13.4 meters, three-bladed Hamilton propeller Standard Hydromatic. Although the ground clearance was needed due to its size, the purpose for which it was designed fighter aircraft company issued short, sturdy legs of the landing gear to support the rapid, often in contact with bridge slowdown impressive and almost instantaneous need for such operation. Therefore, these parameters determine design solutions confrontation, and engineers had only been able to ensure both sufficient and Thursday helix enough rail link by the introduction of a gull-wing configuration, which has improved the coincidence of the aircraft aerodynamic characteristics, which increases high operating speeds. It was the first wheel flushly stored in the retracted mode.
The Pratt & Whitney, where he was the air inlet at the root of the wings near according to the circular shape of the fuselage.
The first flight on May 29, 1940 in prototype form, the aircraft, designated XF4U-1, was fed in 1850 horsepower motor-R 2800-4 and submitted a greenhouse type of cabin and four .50 caliber machine guns Colt-Browning, two of which were installed in the nose and two of which were located in the wings.
The first production version, the F4U-1 was powered by the 2000-R-ch 2800-8 and was marked by the only weapons mounted on the wing. Take the sky July 31, 1942, was the first game over 400 km / h in level flight.
Several subsequent versions were offered. The F4U-2, for example, intended to night missions, while the F4U-3 was designed to fit the high-altitude operations of its 2000 horsepower engine R-2800-16 Double Wasp Bierman 1009A models with two turbochargers. Due to mechanical problems, has eroded its performance and the variant was quickly abandoned.
The F4U-4, bomber version, was characterized by a length of 33.8 feet together and have a wingspan of 41 feet, which had an area of 314 square meters. Its engine, 2100 hp R-2800-18W, leading to four propeller blades had been fitted with the injection of methanol and water, producing and five minutes, the number of war emergency of 2,450 horsepower and resulting in a maximum speed 446 mph. Its ceiling was 41 500 feet.
The F4U-5, the final, had a fuselage more than five inches, grades one to two, the motor down at an angle to increase stability; duralumin outer wing panels and control surfaces to meet their higher speeds and a 2350-hp supercharged Pratt & Whitney Double R-2800-32W. The guy had a service ceiling of 45,000 feet.
In January 1945, an additional appropriation of $ 500,000 enabled the Naval Air Station Wildwood to expand and acquire new equipment, including weapons, tactics, the link coaches, a shot from 20 mm to school and a catapult and arresting devices to promote the practice of landing in Georgetown auxiliary field. Part of this appropriation was used to purchase rockets equipped F4U Corsair.
Although the station was originally designed for 108 officers, 1,200 soldiers and 72 aircraft, numbers had risen to 443, 2497, and 154, respectively, and in October 1944, takeoffs and landings peaked at 16,994. Dive bombing the target there was along the Atlantic coast and Delaware Bay, a complete lighting system to a field of membership has enabled the company pilots perfect night landings.
When completed the relevant training, pilots, organized in groups now in the air, had been transferred to their assigned aircraft carrier.
III. Naval Air Station Wildwood Aviation Museum
When victory had closed the doors of the theater of World War II in 1945, Navy had interrupted his training at Naval Air Station Wildwood and in December after he had been disabled, its 109 buildings have been declared surplus. Of these, 79 were offered by the administration of the assets War, which had acquired the property on an intermittent basis, for off-site, while several large structures had been given to Cape May County, which took over operation of the station. Sleep Number One, which was designed by the architect Albert Kahn, whose construction had begun as early as October 1942, was one of them.
Wood trusses formed by Pratt divided into panels bolted ten-foot ceiling level, the huge structure was 2.558 million cubic feet 290 meters long, 219 feet wide and 51 feet, and was supplemented by cross-braced stands vertical in the north and south elevation and a help desk that had once provided that the division between the two internal bays. Its east and west elevations had created by 12 full-height telescoping doors. Apart from the housing once the fleet of Air Station, also presented the offices, workshops, and maintenance facilities.
The hangar, which has been used for post-war period, many based in the United States abroad Airlines (RUC) between 1949 and 1964, which provides for a system world with its own transport fleet and crews, and also briefly finds an airplane banner towing company.
The abandoned structure thereafter, after having fallen into a state of disrepair of the rotten wood and broken windows, had been revived by Mr. and Mrs. Joseph E. Salvatore in 1997, which was formed nonprofit to Naval Air Station Wildwood Foundation to save and preserve as a memorial to the 42 drivers who lost life during their training here from 1943 to 1945, and was subsequently listed on the New Jersey and National Register of Historic Places of national significance. The hangar houses the Naval Air Station Wildwood Aviation Museum, which includes about 30 aircraft, engines, interactive displays provided by the Franklin Institute Philadelphia, movies, library and gift shop.
In aircraft, the Grumman F4F Wildcat, with a three-bladed propeller, the wings folded, self-sealing fuel tanks, and six machine guns were used in the station, and was the first U.S. combat capable of shooting down a German plane.
Consolidated PBY Catalina, a high wing, two engines, helmet-shaped cells for amphibious operations, had been bomber patrol rifles .50 caliber Browning machine, torpedoes and depth charges, and multi-role missions, including submarine detection, search and rescue operations, and accompaniment.
The Boeing Stearman PT-17-Kaydet, Built in 1943, was the most predominant use of World War II training base. The two people, a single engine, open cockpit biplane served as the first step before the transition heavier riders, more complex equipment.
Vultee BT-13, often the "next step", was marked instruments and controls in tandem, and was also widely used.
The Grumman TBM-3E Avenger, a leading aircraft manufacturer based at Naval Air Station Wildwood is one of the eight models, as the same hangar that houses included in the National Register of Historic Places.
The T-28C Trojan, who had replaced the AT-6 Texan in Asia and Africa, provided a comfortable landing and is equipped with a hook of detention. He used for close air support against enemy ground forces.
EO-2 Bird Dog, the military version of the four seats, two sheets of high wing, tailwheel Cessna 170, had been target of white phosphorus marking rockets on its wings during the Vietnam War and was also used as an observation aircraft.
Several helicopter models are also represented by the museum. The HH-52A helicopter search and rescue SEAGUARD amphibian, for example, has a fuselage and stabilizers, such as helmets and navy were posted on an icebreaker of the U.S. Coast Guard.
The AH-1 Cobra, the backbone of the fleet of U.S. helicopters and military attack type in use today, was fitted with rockets and machine gun mounts. Formerly part of a Vietnam "Team Kill", which dragged a Loach, which drew fire from the ground.
The Bell UH-1 Huey Iroquois helicopters widely used with more than 16,000 military personnel have occurred, has contributed to many tasks, as the air assaults, command and control, medical evacuation and rescue search, helicopter gunships and transport, especially during the Vietnam War, despite that is still used by the Air Force and Navy today.
Hunters are also represented. Lockheed T-33 Thunderbird, a low-wing single-engine two-seat driving with a glass of bubbly, had increased from drawing board the aircraft in 150 days. His F-80C Shooting Star counterpart had served 40 years more than 20 air forces worldwide. example of the museum had served in the Yugoslav army air.
The only engine McDonnell-Douglas Delta Wing A-4 Skyhawk, which had been commissioned in the Navy in 1956, could operate from an aircraft carrier, but deliver nuclear weapons.
The F-14 Tomcat Grumman offers two engines and the vertical tail. F-14A The museum, which entered service in 1982, was later upgraded to the standard F-14B and was the first to exceed the 7,000 takeoffs and landings made in USS John F. Kennedy.
The Northrop F-5E Tiger II, a lightweight supersonic fighter deployed during the Cold War, was conceived as a response to Soviet MiG-21.
Apart from the real aircraft fixed wing and rotary Naval Air Station Wildwood Aviation Museum frequently hosts fly-ins, the ceremonies of the former fighters, historical lectures and excursions.
The 1,000 hectares of the Cape May Airport, the location of the museum itself is of historical value having evolved from Naval Air Station. Two sports courts 4,998 meters (1-19 and 10-28), six lanes, and three parking ramps, installation general aviation fields every year 39,000 aircraft movements consist mainly of business, leisure, and rent, and a testament to the fields, once corn has subsequently grown pilots dive skills played a role in the Pacific theater of World War II, the final victory.
About the Author
A graduate of Long Island University-C.W. Post Campus with a summa-cum-laude BA Degree in Comparative Languages and Journalism, I have subsequently earned the Continuing Community Education Teaching Certificate from the Nassau Association for Continuing Community Education (NACCE) at Molloy College, the Travel Career Development Certificate from the Institute of Certified Travel Agents (ICTA) at LIU, and the AAS Degree in Aerospace Technology at the State University of New York – College of Technology at Farmingdale. Having amassed almost three decades in the airline industry, I managed the New York-JFK and Washington-Dulles stations at Austrian Airlines, created the North American Station Training Program, served as an Aviation Advisor to Farmingdale State University of New York, and devised and taught the Airline Management Certificate Program at the Long Island Educational Opportunity Center. A freelance author, I have written some 70 books of the short story, novel, nonfiction, essay, poetry, article, log, curriculum, training manual, and textbook genre in English, German, and Spanish, having principally focused on aviation and travel, and I have been published in book, magazine, newsletter, and electronic Web site form. I am a writer for Cole Palen’s Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome in New York. I have made some 350 lifetime trips by air, sea, rail, and road.
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